Hamdy M. Abdel-Rahman, 1. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
1 Tooru Kimura, 2. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
2 Koushi Hidaka, 3. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
3 Aiko Kiso, 4. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
4 Azin Nezami, 5. Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
5 Ernesto Freire, 6. Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
6 Yoshio Hayashi, 7. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
7 Yoshiaki Kiso8. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
8 Corresponding author e-mail:
Citation Information. Biological Chemistry. Volume 385, Issue 11, Pages 1035–1039, ISSN (Print) 1431-6730, DOI: 10.1515/BC.2004.134, November 2004
Published Online: 01/06/2005
Abstract
Aspartic proteases have emerged as targets for substrate-based inhibitor design due to their vital roles in the life cycles of the organisms that cause AIDS, malaria, leukemia, and other infectious diseases. Based on the concept of mimicking the substrate transition-state, we designed and synthesized a novel class of aspartic protease inhibitors containing the hydroxymethylcarbonyl (HMC) isostere. An unnatural amino acid, allophenylnorstatine [Apns; (2S,3S)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid], was incorporated at the P1 site in a series of peptidomimetic compounds that mimic the natural substrates of the HIV, HTLV-I, and malarial aspartic proteases. From extensive structure-activity relationship studies, we were able to identify a series of highly potent peptidomimetic inhibitors of HIV protease. One highly potent inhibitor of the malarial aspartic protease (plasmepsin II) was identified. Finally, a promising lead compound against the HTLV-I protease was identified.
Keywords AIDS, allophenylnorstatine, antiviral activity, HTLV-I, malaria, protease inhibitors
